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more likely it is that a given individual will develop a reaction since there are more "sensitizing"
opportunities. Importantly, in susceptible individuals, the reactions described by Warkany and
Hubbard are likely to occur if mercury's presence occurred via injected thimerosal.
IV. DETECTION OF MERCURY IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN
In the past, hair, urine, or blood tests from autistic subjects have mostly found lead rather than mercury
(Wecker et al, 1985), but this is likely due (i) to lead's pervasiveness in our environment, coupled with
autistic children's pica tendencies and general inability to detoxify any heavy metal (LaCamera and
LaCamera, 1987; Edelson & Cantor, 1998); (ii) to the difficulty in detecting Hg, especially in older
children exposed early in life, since remaining mercury is sequestered in tissue; and (iii) to the greater
affinity of standard chelators used in challenge tests (e.g., DMSA) for lead over mercury, making lead
more readily detectable in such exams (Frackelton and Christenson, 1998).
http://www.vaccinationnews.com/DailyNews/July2001/AutismUniqueMercPoison.htm 2/5/2004
Autism: A Unique Type of Mercury Poisoning Page 43 of 62
More recently, a number of parents of younger autistic children, in whom mercury is more likely to be
detectable, have reported higher than expected levels of mercury in hair, blood, and urine samples.
Cases studies are listed below, and more are in the process of documentation. Several parents have also
noted improved function after chelation.
The Case Studies
We are providing data from several retrospective case studies of autistic children with associated tissue
mercury burdens. In each case we have tried to identify potential sources of exposure, although we have
not been able to identify the exact amounts in some cases due to inadequate documentation. This
information does not purport to be a rigid scientific study, but rather an initial effort to demonstrate that
there may be a problem with mercury toxicity in children with autism. Our primary objective is to show
that considerable amounts of mercury are found in the bodies of some autistic children. The data we
present were derived from many sources: hair, urine and blood. Some of the samples were baseline and
others were obtained utilizing a provocative agent, either DMPS or DMSA. Typically a single dose of
DMPS will provoke more mercury from the tissue than a single oral dose of DMSA. Excretion levels
will also vary depending on the amount of DMPS or DMSA given. There are also variations among
these factors in the case studies.
Identifier: 0001SM Sex: M Age: 5 DOB: 4-25-94
Prenatal and Postnatal History: Premature contractions, which required bedrest during the 2nd
and 3rd trimesters. Scheduled C-section at term with good apgars. Birth weight 8 lbs. 3 oz.
Vomiting milk based formula, which subsided with a switch to soy formula at 2 months.
Developmental Landmarks: Completely normal development, meeting all developmental
milestones until 20 months of age. Speech present with two word phrases.
Regression and Symptoms: At 20 months an unexplained loss of speech and eye contact
(lateral gaze). He began lining up trains, developed preservations, and showed a marked decrease
in attention. Diagnosed autistic at 26 months of age. Formal psychological evaluation at 30
months found expressive speech at 14-16 months, cognitive at 12-18 months, fine motor at 18
months, and play skills at 12 months. He was described as withdrawn with alternating inattention
or repetitive manipulation of objects.
Exposure Sources: He received multiple vaccines with thimerosal preservatives his first year,
including influenza vaccine. The documented exposure the first year was 136.5mcg mercury.
Mother with 1 amalgam filling and minimal dietary exposure. Child with no dietary exposure the
first year of life. Families estimated consumption of seafood 3 times monthly.
Mercury Levels: Hair mercury 2.6 mcg with a norm reference of less than 2mcg. DMPS
provacation (3mg per kg. IV) 7-7-99 resulted in 87 mcg mercury per g urinary creatine.
Intermittent treatment with oral DMSA continued for 2 months with normalization of hair
mercury levels.
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