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the belt for proper alignment and tension are the two most important
maintenance procedures, and should be done every two weeks. Recommended
annual or semi-annual service checks will vary with the pump and the
manufacturer's specifications.
19 Vacuum Regulators
Vacuum regulators admit air into the milking system to prevent the
vacuum level from going too ++++MISSING DATA++++
20 Regulator performance is affected by basic design. Servodiaphram
regulators are the most effective, while weighted level types are the
least desirable.
21 Pipe Sizes
The milking units are operated by a piping system(s) which must be
large enough to permit the units to function properly. Restricted vacuum
and milk line sizes may result in ma ++++MISSING DATA++++
22 Install low lines where possible. The hoses to the milking units
should not exceed six (6) feet in length. Adequate pipeline slope and
size are essential to prevent flooding of the system. Flooding causes
erratic vacuum changes in the system, which may result in increased
udder irritation and a possible increase in the incidence of new
infections.
23 The size of sanitary milk pipe is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Sanitary Milk Pipe Size (inches)
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MACHINE MILKING SYSTEMS
Pipe Size Maximum Number of
Units per Slope
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1/2 4
2 8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
These sizes apply to conditions where the animal is milked directly
into the milk pipeline. Pipes for weigh jar systems operated primarily
as milk transfer and wash lines must be of adequate size for washing.
24 Number of Units
The number of units you should have varies widely, depending upon the
type of system, the nature of the goats (fast or slow milking), and the
operator. The following table may serve as a guide for the number of
units to use.
Table 4. Maximum Number of Milking Units per Operator
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of System Maximum Number of Units
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Milking area only 2
Elevated single stall 2
Elevated platform 3
Herringbone parlor 6
(units both sides of parlor)
25 Milking Practices
Good milking practices are essential to keep goats healthy and to
achieve good labor efficiency.
26 During milking, there are two critical periods when udder damage is
most likely to occur: at the beginning and the end.
27 Make sure the animal is properly stimulated for ''let-down'' prior
to attaching the machine. The stimulation should be accomplished in the
same manner at each milking. The interval between stimulation and machine
application should be short and constant. Ideally, the stimulation to
machine-on time should be about one minute. The ''let-down'' hormone
effect lasts about 7 minutes. It is important that the goat be milked
out rapidly and the machine removed as soon as the goat is milked out.
28 Preparation
Washing the udder to remove dirt and at the same time stimuate the
goat for ''let-down'' is u ++++MISSING DATA++++
29 Checks and Maintenance
A regular thorough checking and maintenance schedule is essential to
keep equipment in top working condition. The manufacturer of your
equipment has specified many items. Follow those instructions carefully.
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MACHINE MILKING SYSTEMS
30 Several items apply to all systems. The most important are as
follows:
DAILY:
1. Check vaccuum level.
2. Make sure pulsators are operating properly.
3. Check rubber parts for breaks, tears, and cleanliness.
4. Check vacuum pump oil supply and belt tension.
5. Install clean filters.
6. Make sure air inlets to claw assemblies are open.
WEEKLY:
1. Check and clean vacuum regulator.
2. Inspect and rotate inflations.
3. Check couplings and stall cocks for leaks and electrical
connections.
MONTHLY:
1. Disassemble pulsator and check for wear. Clean all air passages
and screens.
2. Check condition of vacuum pump oil.
3. Check CIP (clean-in-place) system for proper cycling and water
temperature.
4. Check pulsator performance with portable test gauge.
ANNUALLY:
1. Check operation of the vacuum pump. Use a flow rate meter to
determine if it is pumping at its rated capacity.
2. Connect the system and obtain an air flow reading with the system
in operation. A loss of more than 10 percent of the vacuum pump
capacity indicates excessive leaks in the system.
3. Check all pipeline gaskets for leaks and condition. Replace as
needed.
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MACHINE MILKING SYSTEMS
4. Check electrical connections and the pulsation control. A voltage
meter is suggested to check the electrical pulsation system.
5. Make all service checks as specified by the manufacturer.
VIDF 124
úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúThe National Dairy Database (1992)úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú
úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú\NDB\GOAT\TEXT2\E2úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú
%f TITLE;MACHINE MILKING SYSTEMS
%f COLLECTION;GOAT HANDBOOK
%f ORIGIN;United States
%f DATE_INCLUDED;June 1992
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MANAGEMENT -- BIRTH TO BREEDING
MANAGEMENT -- BIRTH TO BREEDING
COLLECTION: GOAT HANDBOOK
ORIGIN: United States
DATE INCLUDED: June 1992
Extension Goat Handbook
This material was contributed from collections at the National Agricultural
Library. However, users should direct all inquires about the contents to
authors or originating agencies.
DOCN 000000009
NO B-3
TI MANAGEMENT -- BIRTH TO BREEDING
AU J. A. Yazman; Winrock Intrnt. Livest. Res. Train. Ctr. Morrilton, AR
L. Turillo; Cornell U. Ithaca, NY
RV D. L. Ace; Pennsylvania State U., University Park
DE Management and Housing
Text
1 Kid management from birth to breeding is an essential component of
the dairy goat enterprise. With the possible exception of the
nutritional management of the doe herd, the kid management program has
the greatest effect on the long-term productivity of the dairy goat
herd. The dairy goat kid at birth represents a genetic resource
necessary to replenish the herd gene pool which has a changing
composition due to death, culling and sales for breeding stock. While
the genetic character of the kid is determined at the time of
conception, survival to lactation and an adequate body size are
necessary to realize inherent genetic potential for lactation. One of
the advantages of the dairy goat is the opportunity for rapid genetic
progress due to early sexual maturity (breeding is possible at 7 months
or less), short gestation interval (150 days) and multiple offspring per
parturition (2.0 or more for mature does). Kid mortality has a direct
effect on genetic progress by its effect on selection pressure, that
is, the percentage of the kids which must be retained as replacements.
Maintaining low mortality from birth to weaning while producing a 100
lb doe at kidding should be the primary objective of the kid management
program.
2 As practiced on most dairy goat farms, the kid raising enterprise
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